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tray, basin, pot, tub | pan
<before B.C.E. 1000> pen |
bon | tray;
pot |
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great mountain (incense) heater | po-shan [hsiang-]lu
<c. B.C.E. 2nd century> [1984, Sullivan, The Arts of China, p. 73]; boshan (xiang)lu |
incense burner in the form of the sacred mountains | |
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tray plaything | pun wan
<c.700 C.E.> [1974, Wu, Man Lung Artistic Pot Plants, p. 62]; pen wan |
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little child scene | hsieh-tzu-ching
<c.1300> [1990, Stein, The World in Miniature, p. 24]; shea tzu ching [1974, Wu, Man Lung Artistic Pot Plants, p. 62]; xiezi jing |
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tray stone | bonseki
<c.600?> [c.1929, Encyc. Brit., Vol. 3, p. 854] |
landscape on a tray with stone and sand | |
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water stone | suiseki
[c.1929, Encyc. Brit., Vol. 3, p. 855] |
viewing stone | |
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tray mountain | pen shan
<c.1103> [1990, Stein, The World in Miniature, p. 39] |
bonzan
<c.1582> [c.1929, Encyc. Brit., Vol. 3, p. 854]; bonsan |
a stone with sand and sometimes vegetation, arranged to suggest a landscape |
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ancient tree | koo shoo
<c.17th century> [1822, Livingstone, "Account of the Method," p. 227]; ku shu [1933, McClure, "Methods and Materials," p. 125]; gu shu |
dwarfed tree;
dwarfed woody plants of tree-like habit |
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tray landscape | p'an-ching
<c.1630> [1955, Li, Chinese flower arrangement, p. 4]; pun-ching [1974, Wu, Man Lung Artistic Pot Plants, p. 62]; penjing |
bonkei
[1900, Blight, "Among the Plants," p. 258] |
landscape in a container |
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the pot's tree | bo mu | hachi no ki
<1383?> [1922, Waley, The No Plays of Japan, p. 100] |
dwarf potted tree (specifically in a deeper pot and not as refined as would be the shallow tray bonsai) |
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tray plant | p'oon tsui
<c.400?, then by 1688> [1933, McClure, "Methods and Materials," p. 119]; p'an-tsai [1955, Li, Chinese flower arrangement, p. 4]; p'en tsai [1969, Behme, Bonsai, Saikei and Bonkei, p. 15]; pun-sai [1974, Wu, Man Lung Artistic Pot Plants, p. 63]; pen-sai [1984, Koreshoff, Bonsai, p. 4]; penzai |
bonsai
<c.1800> [1900, Blight, "Among the Plants," p. 258] |
dwarf potted tree;
artistic pot plant; table culture plant; living ming tree |
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box garden | hachi-niwa
<c.1850?> [1908, DuCane, The Flowers and Gardens of Japan, p. 65]; hako-niwa [1920, "Making Japanese Miniature Gardens," American Forestry, Vol. 26, p. 497] |
Japanese miniature garden;
dish-garden |
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pot planted | bo zhi | hachi-uye
<c.17th century> [c.1929, Encyc. Brit., Vol. 3, p. 854]; hachi-ue |
dwarf tree in a deep pot |
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tray picture | bon-e
<before 1939> [1990, Stein, The World in Miniature, p. 52] |
landscape on a tray made with fine sand and pebbles | |
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planted landscape | saikei
<before 1963> [1963, Kawamoto & Kurihara, Bonsai-Saikei] |
miniature living landscape (often using trees not yet developed enough to stand alone as bonsai, and without as many formal rules) | |
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correct trunk | chih-kan
<mid 17th century> [1990, Stein, The World in Miniature, p. 280, n. 49] |
chokkan
<c.1800> [1957, Yoshimura & Halford, The Japanese Art of Miniature Trees, p. 65] |
formal upright; straight trunk |
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model style tree | mo yang mu | moyoki
<before 1955> [1964, Murata, inside back cover]; moyogi |
informal upright |
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hang _____ | hsüan-yai
<mid 17th century> [1990, Stein, The World in Miniature, p. 280, n. 49]; xuan ____ |
kengai
<c.1800> [c.1929, Encyc. Brit., Vol. 3, p. 854] |
cascade;
overhanging from a cliff |
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_____ planting | yose uye
[c.1929, Encyc. Brit., Vol. 3, p. 854]; yose-ue [1957, Yoshimura & Halford, The Japanese Art of Miniature Trees, p. 66] |
group planting;
forest planting; multiple tree |
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stone attached | ishitzuki
[c.1929, Encyc. Brit., Vol. 3, p. 854]; ishitsuki [1953, Yashiroda, Handbook on Dwarfed Potted Trees, p. 15]; ishi-zuke / ishi-zuki [1964, Murata, p. 51] |
stone-clasping style;
clinging to rock |
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root upward | lou ken
<mid 17th century> [1990, Stein, The World in Miniature, p. 280, n. 49]; gen shang |
neagari
[1900, Bedford, "Elfin Trees,"p. 916] |
raised exposed root style (popular at the turn of the 20th century) |
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literary man tree | wen-jen-mu;
wenren mu [1997, Zhao, Penjing: Worlds of Wonderment, p. 49] |
bunjingi
<c.1800> [1957, Yoshimura & Halford, The Japanese Art of Miniature Trees, p. 65] |
literati style;
Chinese scholar free-form or abstract |